Biomass Fuel Biomass materials are used since millennia for meeting myriad human needs including energy. Main sources of biomass energy are trees, crops and animal waste. Until the middle of 19th century, biomass dominated the global energy supply with a seventy percent share (Grubler and Nakicenovic, 1988). Among the biomass energy sources, wood fuels are the most prominent. With rapid increase in fossil fuel use, the share of biomass in total energy declined steadily through substitution by coal in the nineteenth century and later by refined oil and gas during the twentieth century. Despite its declining share in energy, global consumption of wood energy has continued to grow. During 1974 to 1994, global wood consumption for energy grew annually by over 2 percent rate (Figure 1). Presently, the biomass sources contribute 14% of global energy and 38% of energy in developing countries (Woods and Hall, 1994). Globally, the energy content of biomass residues in agriculture based ...
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